Makoto Sasaki, Eri Shibata, Koujiro Tohyama, Junko Takahashi, Kotaro Otsuka, Kuniaki Tsuchiya, Satoshi Takahashi, Shigeru Ehara, Yasuo Terayama, Akio Sakai. Neuroreport 2006
Times Cited: 259
Times Cited: 259
Times Cited
Times Co-cited
Similarity
Neuromelanin detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its promise as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
David Sulzer, Clifford Cassidy, Guillermo Horga, Un Jung Kang, Stanley Fahn, Luigi Casella, Gianni Pezzoli, Jason Langley, Xiaoping P Hu, Fabio A Zucca,[...]. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2018
David Sulzer, Clifford Cassidy, Guillermo Horga, Un Jung Kang, Stanley Fahn, Luigi Casella, Gianni Pezzoli, Jason Langley, Xiaoping P Hu, Fabio A Zucca,[...]. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2018
31
Neuromelanin Imaging and Dopaminergic Loss in Parkinson's Disease.
Ioannis U Isaias, Paula Trujillo, Paul Summers, Giorgio Marotta, Luca Mainardi, Gianni Pezzoli, Luigi Zecca, Antonella Costa. Front Aging Neurosci 2016
Ioannis U Isaias, Paula Trujillo, Paul Summers, Giorgio Marotta, Luca Mainardi, Gianni Pezzoli, Luigi Zecca, Antonella Costa. Front Aging Neurosci 2016
31
Simultaneous imaging of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra with a quantitative neuromelanin MRI approach.
Xiangchuan Chen, Daniel E Huddleston, Jason Langley, Sinyeob Ahn, Christopher J Barnum, Stewart A Factor, Allan I Levey, Xiaoping Hu. Magn Reson Imaging 2014
Xiangchuan Chen, Daniel E Huddleston, Jason Langley, Sinyeob Ahn, Christopher J Barnum, Stewart A Factor, Allan I Levey, Xiaoping Hu. Magn Reson Imaging 2014
42
In vivo MRI assessment of the human locus coeruleus along its rostrocaudal extent in young and older adults.
Matthew J Betts, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Martin Kanowski, Frank Jessen, Emrah Düzel. Neuroimage 2017
Matthew J Betts, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Martin Kanowski, Frank Jessen, Emrah Düzel. Neuroimage 2017
46
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain.
Clifford M Cassidy, Fabio A Zucca, Ragy R Girgis, Seth C Baker, Jodi J Weinstein, Madeleine E Sharp, Chiara Bellei, Alice Valmadre, Nora Vanegas, Lawrence S Kegeles,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019
Clifford M Cassidy, Fabio A Zucca, Ragy R Girgis, Seth C Baker, Jodi J Weinstein, Madeleine E Sharp, Chiara Bellei, Alice Valmadre, Nora Vanegas, Lawrence S Kegeles,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019
44
Locus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
Matthew J Betts, Evgeniya Kirilina, Maria C G Otaduy, Dimo Ivanov, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Martina F Callaghan, Christian Lambert, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Kerrin Pine, Luca Passamonti,[...]. Brain 2019
Matthew J Betts, Evgeniya Kirilina, Maria C G Otaduy, Dimo Ivanov, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Martina F Callaghan, Christian Lambert, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Kerrin Pine, Luca Passamonti,[...]. Brain 2019
26
Histologic validation of locus coeruleus MRI contrast in post-mortem tissue.
Noam I Keren, Saeid Taheri, Elena M Vazey, Paul S Morgan, Ann-Charlotte E Granholm, Gary S Aston-Jones, Mark A Eckert. Neuroimage 2015
Noam I Keren, Saeid Taheri, Elena M Vazey, Paul S Morgan, Ann-Charlotte E Granholm, Gary S Aston-Jones, Mark A Eckert. Neuroimage 2015
30
Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin-MRI.
Paula Trujillo, Paul E Summers, Emanuele Ferrari, Fabio A Zucca, Michela Sturini, Luca T Mainardi, Sergio Cerutti, Alex K Smith, Seth A Smith, Luigi Zecca,[...]. Magn Reson Med 2017
Paula Trujillo, Paul E Summers, Emanuele Ferrari, Fabio A Zucca, Michela Sturini, Luca T Mainardi, Sergio Cerutti, Alex K Smith, Seth A Smith, Luigi Zecca,[...]. Magn Reson Med 2017
46
High-resolution in vivo imaging of human locus coeruleus by magnetization transfer MRI at 3T and 7T.
Nikos Priovoulos, Heidi I L Jacobs, Dimo Ivanov, Kâmil Uludağ, Frans R J Verhey, Benedikt A Poser. Neuroimage 2018
Nikos Priovoulos, Heidi I L Jacobs, Dimo Ivanov, Kâmil Uludağ, Frans R J Verhey, Benedikt A Poser. Neuroimage 2018
40
T1-weighted MRI shows stage-dependent substantia nigra signal loss in Parkinson's disease.
Stefan T Schwarz, Timothy Rittman, Vamsi Gontu, Paul S Morgan, Nin Bajaj, Dorothee P Auer. Mov Disord 2011
Stefan T Schwarz, Timothy Rittman, Vamsi Gontu, Paul S Morgan, Nin Bajaj, Dorothee P Auer. Mov Disord 2011
23
Automated neuromelanin imaging as a diagnostic biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
Gabriel Castellanos, María A Fernández-Seara, Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor, Sara Ortega-Cubero, Marc Puigvert, Javier Uranga, Marta Vidorreta, Jaione Irigoyen, Elena Lorenzo, Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
Gabriel Castellanos, María A Fernández-Seara, Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor, Sara Ortega-Cubero, Marc Puigvert, Javier Uranga, Marta Vidorreta, Jaione Irigoyen, Elena Lorenzo, Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
26
In vivo visualization of age-related differences in the locus coeruleus.
Kathy Y Liu, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Clare Loane, Alex J Berry, Matthew J Betts, Rogier A Kievit, Richard N Henson, Emrah Düzel, Robert Howard,[...]. Neurobiol Aging 2019
Kathy Y Liu, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Clare Loane, Alex J Berry, Matthew J Betts, Rogier A Kievit, Richard N Henson, Emrah Düzel, Robert Howard,[...]. Neurobiol Aging 2019
43
Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging.
David V Clewett, Tae-Ho Lee, Steven Greening, Allison Ponzio, Eshed Margalit, Mara Mather. Neurobiol Aging 2016
David V Clewett, Tae-Ho Lee, Steven Greening, Allison Ponzio, Eshed Margalit, Mara Mather. Neurobiol Aging 2016
26
In vivo mapping of the human locus coeruleus.
Noam I Keren, Carl T Lozar, Kelly C Harris, Paul S Morgan, Mark A Eckert. Neuroimage 2009
Noam I Keren, Carl T Lozar, Kelly C Harris, Paul S Morgan, Mark A Eckert. Neuroimage 2009
21
Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
Keita Matsuura, Masayuki Maeda, Kenichiro Yata, Yoshito Ichiba, Tomoya Yamaguchi, Kenji Kanamaru, Hidekazu Tomimoto. Eur Neurol 2013
Keita Matsuura, Masayuki Maeda, Kenichiro Yata, Yoshito Ichiba, Tomoya Yamaguchi, Kenji Kanamaru, Hidekazu Tomimoto. Eur Neurol 2013
30
Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity.
J M Fearnley, A J Lees. Brain 1991
J M Fearnley, A J Lees. Brain 1991
21
In Vivo Assessment of Brainstem Depigmentation in Parkinson Disease: Potential as a Severity Marker for Multicenter Studies.
Stefan T Schwarz, Yue Xing, Pragya Tomar, Nin Bajaj, Dorothee P Auer. Radiology 2017
Stefan T Schwarz, Yue Xing, Pragya Tomar, Nin Bajaj, Dorothee P Auer. Radiology 2017
43
The role of iron and copper molecules in the neuronal vulnerability of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra during aging.
Luigi Zecca, Antonella Stroppolo, Alberto Gatti, Davide Tampellini, Marco Toscani, Mario Gallorini, Giuseppe Giaveri, Paolo Arosio, Paolo Santambrogio, Ruggero G Fariello,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004
Luigi Zecca, Antonella Stroppolo, Alberto Gatti, Davide Tampellini, Marco Toscani, Mario Gallorini, Giuseppe Giaveri, Paolo Arosio, Paolo Santambrogio, Ruggero G Fariello,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004
21
Differentiation of early-stage parkinsonisms using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging.
Chigumi Ohtsuka, Makoto Sasaki, Kanako Konno, Kanako Kato, Junko Takahashi, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014
Chigumi Ohtsuka, Makoto Sasaki, Kanako Konno, Kanako Kato, Junko Takahashi, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014
24
Correlation between pathology and neuromelanin MR imaging in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Shinichiro Kitao, Eiji Matsusue, Shinya Fujii, Fuminori Miyoshi, Toshio Kaminou, Shinsuke Kato, Hisao Ito, Toshihide Ogawa. Neuroradiology 2013
Shinichiro Kitao, Eiji Matsusue, Shinya Fujii, Fuminori Miyoshi, Toshio Kaminou, Shinsuke Kato, Hisao Ito, Toshihide Ogawa. Neuroradiology 2013
28
Magnetic resonance imaging of the human locus coeruleus: A systematic review.
Kathy Y Liu, Freya Marijatta, Dorothea Hämmerer, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Emrah Düzel, Robert J Howard. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017
Kathy Y Liu, Freya Marijatta, Dorothea Hämmerer, Julio Acosta-Cabronero, Emrah Düzel, Robert J Howard. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017
33
Locus coeruleus integrity in old age is selectively related to memories linked with salient negative events.
Dorothea Hämmerer, Martina F Callaghan, Alexandra Hopkins, Julian Kosciessa, Matthew Betts, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Martin Kanowski, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Peter Dayan, Raymond J Dolan,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018
Dorothea Hämmerer, Martina F Callaghan, Alexandra Hopkins, Julian Kosciessa, Matthew Betts, Arturo Cardenas-Blanco, Martin Kanowski, Nikolaus Weiskopf, Peter Dayan, Raymond J Dolan,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018
33
Changes in substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MR imaging.
Chigumi Ohtsuka, Makoto Sasaki, Kanako Konno, Mizuho Koide, Kanako Kato, Junko Takahashi, Satoshi Takahashi, Kohsuke Kudo, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Neurosci Lett 2013
Chigumi Ohtsuka, Makoto Sasaki, Kanako Konno, Mizuho Koide, Kanako Kato, Junko Takahashi, Satoshi Takahashi, Kohsuke Kudo, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Neurosci Lett 2013
20
The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes.
Craig W Berridge, Barry D Waterhouse. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003
Craig W Berridge, Barry D Waterhouse. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2003
19
Stages of the pathologic process in Alzheimer disease: age categories from 1 to 100 years.
Heiko Braak, Dietmar R Thal, Estifanos Ghebremedhin, Kelly Del Tredici. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011
Heiko Braak, Dietmar R Thal, Estifanos Ghebremedhin, Kelly Del Tredici. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011
18
An integrative theory of locus coeruleus-norepinephrine function: adaptive gain and optimal performance.
Gary Aston-Jones, Jonathan D Cohen. Annu Rev Neurosci 2005
Gary Aston-Jones, Jonathan D Cohen. Annu Rev Neurosci 2005
18
MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease.
Ronald B Postuma, Daniela Berg, Matthew Stern, Werner Poewe, C Warren Olanow, Wolfgang Oertel, José Obeso, Kenneth Marek, Irene Litvan, Anthony E Lang,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
Ronald B Postuma, Daniela Berg, Matthew Stern, Werner Poewe, C Warren Olanow, Wolfgang Oertel, José Obeso, Kenneth Marek, Irene Litvan, Anthony E Lang,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
17
A multicontrast approach for comprehensive imaging of substantia nigra.
Jason Langley, Daniel E Huddleston, Xiangchuan Chen, Jan Sedlacik, Nishant Zachariah, Xiaoping Hu. Neuroimage 2015
Jason Langley, Daniel E Huddleston, Xiangchuan Chen, Jan Sedlacik, Nishant Zachariah, Xiaoping Hu. Neuroimage 2015
38
Substantia nigra neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging in de novo Parkinson's disease patients.
S Reimão, P Pita Lobo, D Neutel, L Correia Guedes, M Coelho, M M Rosa, J Ferreira, D Abreu, N Gonçalves, C Morgado,[...]. Eur J Neurol 2015
S Reimão, P Pita Lobo, D Neutel, L Correia Guedes, M Coelho, M M Rosa, J Ferreira, D Abreu, N Gonçalves, C Morgado,[...]. Eur J Neurol 2015
28
The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition.
Susan J Sara. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009
Susan J Sara. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009
16
Locus coeruleus volume and cell population changes during Alzheimer's disease progression: A stereological study in human postmortem brains with potential implication for early-stage biomarker discovery.
Panos Theofilas, Alexander J Ehrenberg, Sara Dunlop, Ana T Di Lorenzo Alho, Austin Nguy, Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite, Roberta Diehl Rodriguez, Maria B Mejia, Claudia K Suemoto, Renata Eloah De Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini,[...]. Alzheimers Dement 2017
Panos Theofilas, Alexander J Ehrenberg, Sara Dunlop, Ana T Di Lorenzo Alho, Austin Nguy, Renata Elaine Paraizo Leite, Roberta Diehl Rodriguez, Maria B Mejia, Claudia K Suemoto, Renata Eloah De Lucena Ferretti-Rebustini,[...]. Alzheimers Dement 2017
16
3D neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging with semi-automated volume measurement of the substantia nigra pars compacta for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
Kimihiro Ogisu, Kohsuke Kudo, Makoto Sasaki, Ken Sakushima, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Satoshi Terae, Mitsuhiro Nakanishi, Hiroki Shirato. Neuroradiology 2013
Kimihiro Ogisu, Kohsuke Kudo, Makoto Sasaki, Ken Sakushima, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Satoshi Terae, Mitsuhiro Nakanishi, Hiroki Shirato. Neuroradiology 2013
22
Life span pigmentation changes of the substantia nigra detected by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI.
Yue Xing, Abdul Sapuan, Rob A Dineen, Dorothee P Auer. Mov Disord 2018
Yue Xing, Abdul Sapuan, Rob A Dineen, Dorothee P Auer. Mov Disord 2018
48
Rostral locus coeruleus integrity is associated with better memory performance in older adults.
Martin J Dahl, Mara Mather, Sandra Düzel, Nils C Bodammer, Ulman Lindenberger, Simone Kühn, Markus Werkle-Bergner. Nat Hum Behav 2019
Martin J Dahl, Mara Mather, Sandra Düzel, Nils C Bodammer, Ulman Lindenberger, Simone Kühn, Markus Werkle-Bergner. Nat Hum Behav 2019
30
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease.
Heiko Braak, Kelly Del Tredici, Udo Rüb, Rob A I de Vos, Ernst N H Jansen Steur, Eva Braak. Neurobiol Aging 2003
Heiko Braak, Kelly Del Tredici, Udo Rüb, Rob A I de Vos, Ernst N H Jansen Steur, Eva Braak. Neurobiol Aging 2003
15
Neuronal loss is greater in the locus coeruleus than nucleus basalis and substantia nigra in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
Chris Zarow, Scott A Lyness, James A Mortimer, Helena C Chui. Arch Neurol 2003
Chris Zarow, Scott A Lyness, James A Mortimer, Helena C Chui. Arch Neurol 2003
15
Long Road to Ruin: Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Disease.
David Weinshenker. Trends Neurosci 2018
David Weinshenker. Trends Neurosci 2018
16
Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7 T MRI.
Anna I Blazejewska, Stefan T Schwarz, Alain Pitiot, Mary C Stephenson, James Lowe, Nin Bajaj, Richard W Bowtell, Dorothee P Auer, Penny A Gowland. Neurology 2013
Anna I Blazejewska, Stefan T Schwarz, Alain Pitiot, Mary C Stephenson, James Lowe, Nin Bajaj, Richard W Bowtell, Dorothee P Auer, Penny A Gowland. Neurology 2013
14
The human locus coeruleus 3-D stereotactic anatomy.
P Fernandes, J Regala, F Correia, A J Gonçalves-Ferreira. Surg Radiol Anat 2012
P Fernandes, J Regala, F Correia, A J Gonçalves-Ferreira. Surg Radiol Anat 2012
42
Reproducibility of locus coeruleus and substantia nigra imaging with neuromelanin sensitive MRI.
Jason Langley, Daniel E Huddleston, Christine J Liu, Xiaoping Hu. MAGMA 2017
Jason Langley, Daniel E Huddleston, Christine J Liu, Xiaoping Hu. MAGMA 2017
40
Age-related changes in locus ceruleus on neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla.
Eri Shibata, Makoto Sasaki, Koujiro Tohyama, Yoshiyuki Kanbara, Kotaro Otsuka, Shigeru Ehara, Akio Sakai. Magn Reson Med Sci 2006
Eri Shibata, Makoto Sasaki, Koujiro Tohyama, Yoshiyuki Kanbara, Kotaro Otsuka, Shigeru Ehara, Akio Sakai. Magn Reson Med Sci 2006
16
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases.
A J Hughes, S E Daniel, L Kilford, A J Lees. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992
A J Hughes, S E Daniel, L Kilford, A J Lees. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992
14
The 'swallow tail' appearance of the healthy nigrosome - a new accurate test of Parkinson's disease: a case-control and retrospective cross-sectional MRI study at 3T.
Stefan T Schwarz, Mohammed Afzal, Paul S Morgan, Nin Bajaj, Penny A Gowland, Dorothee P Auer. PLoS One 2014
Stefan T Schwarz, Mohammed Afzal, Paul S Morgan, Nin Bajaj, Penny A Gowland, Dorothee P Auer. PLoS One 2014
14
Detection of changes in the locus coeruleus in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: high-resolution fast spin-echo T1-weighted imaging.
Junko Takahashi, Toshihide Shibata, Makoto Sasaki, Masako Kudo, Hisashi Yanezawa, Satoko Obara, Kohsuke Kudo, Kenji Ito, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015
Junko Takahashi, Toshihide Shibata, Makoto Sasaki, Masako Kudo, Hisashi Yanezawa, Satoko Obara, Kohsuke Kudo, Kenji Ito, Fumio Yamashita, Yasuo Terayama. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015
26
Substantia nigra neuromelanin-MR imaging differentiates essential tremor from Parkinson's disease.
Sofia Reimão, Patrícia Pita Lobo, Dulce Neutel, Leonor Correia Guedes, Miguel Coelho, Mário M Rosa, Pedro Azevedo, Joana Ferreira, Daisy Abreu, Nilza Gonçalves,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
Sofia Reimão, Patrícia Pita Lobo, Dulce Neutel, Leonor Correia Guedes, Miguel Coelho, Mário M Rosa, Pedro Azevedo, Joana Ferreira, Daisy Abreu, Nilza Gonçalves,[...]. Mov Disord 2015
25
A longitudinal study of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease.
Keita Matsuura, Masayuki Maeda, Ken-Ichi Tabei, Maki Umino, Hiroyuki Kajikawa, Masayuki Satoh, Hirotaka Kida, Hidekazu Tomimoto. Neurosci Lett 2016
Keita Matsuura, Masayuki Maeda, Ken-Ichi Tabei, Maki Umino, Hiroyuki Kajikawa, Masayuki Satoh, Hirotaka Kida, Hidekazu Tomimoto. Neurosci Lett 2016
39
Locus coeruleus cellular and molecular pathology during the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Sarah C Kelly, Bin He, Sylvia E Perez, Stephen D Ginsberg, Elliott J Mufson, Scott E Counts. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017
Sarah C Kelly, Bin He, Sylvia E Perez, Stephen D Ginsberg, Elliott J Mufson, Scott E Counts. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017
13
Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson's disease.
Fabio A Zucca, Juan Segura-Aguilar, Emanuele Ferrari, Patricia Muñoz, Irmgard Paris, David Sulzer, Tadeusz Sarna, Luigi Casella, Luigi Zecca. Prog Neurobiol 2017
Fabio A Zucca, Juan Segura-Aguilar, Emanuele Ferrari, Patricia Muñoz, Irmgard Paris, David Sulzer, Tadeusz Sarna, Luigi Casella, Luigi Zecca. Prog Neurobiol 2017
13
The substantia nigra of the human brain. II. Patterns of loss of dopamine-containing neurons in Parkinson's disease.
P Damier, E C Hirsch, Y Agid, A M Graybiel. Brain 1999
P Damier, E C Hirsch, Y Agid, A M Graybiel. Brain 1999
13
Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging features of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in de novo Parkinson's disease and its phenotypes.
J Wang, Y Li, Z Huang, W Wan, Y Zhang, C Wang, X Cheng, F Ye, K Liu, G Fei,[...]. Eur J Neurol 2018
J Wang, Y Li, Z Huang, W Wan, Y Zhang, C Wang, X Cheng, F Ye, K Liu, G Fei,[...]. Eur J Neurol 2018
40
Co-cited is the co-citation frequency, indicating how many articles cite the article together with the query article. Similarity is the co-citation as percentage of the times cited of the query article or the article in the search results, whichever is the lowest. These numbers are calculated for the last 100 citations when articles are cited more than 100 times.