Atsushi Tanaka, Megan M Cleland, Shan Xu, Derek P Narendra, Der-Fen Suen, Mariusz Karbowski, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2010
Times Cited: 908
Times Cited: 908
Times Cited
Times Co-cited
Similarity
The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 recruits autophagy receptors to induce mitophagy.
Michael Lazarou, Danielle A Sliter, Lesley A Kane, Shireen A Sarraf, Chunxin Wang, Jonathon L Burman, Dionisia P Sideris, Adam I Fogel, Richard J Youle. Nature 2015
Michael Lazarou, Danielle A Sliter, Lesley A Kane, Shireen A Sarraf, Chunxin Wang, Jonathon L Burman, Dionisia P Sideris, Adam I Fogel, Richard J Youle. Nature 2015
34
Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy.
Derek Narendra, Atsushi Tanaka, Der-Fen Suen, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2008
Derek Narendra, Atsushi Tanaka, Der-Fen Suen, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2008
29
Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy.
Gilad Twig, Alvaro Elorza, Anthony J A Molina, Hibo Mohamed, Jakob D Wikstrom, Gil Walzer, Linsey Stiles, Sarah E Haigh, Steve Katz, Guy Las,[...]. EMBO J 2008
Gilad Twig, Alvaro Elorza, Anthony J A Molina, Hibo Mohamed, Jakob D Wikstrom, Gil Walzer, Linsey Stiles, Sarah E Haigh, Steve Katz, Guy Las,[...]. EMBO J 2008
26
PINK1 is selectively stabilized on impaired mitochondria to activate Parkin.
Derek P Narendra, Seok Min Jin, Atsushi Tanaka, Der-Fen Suen, Clement A Gautier, Jie Shen, Mark R Cookson, Richard J Youle. PLoS Biol 2010
Derek P Narendra, Seok Min Jin, Atsushi Tanaka, Der-Fen Suen, Clement A Gautier, Jie Shen, Mark R Cookson, Richard J Youle. PLoS Biol 2010
25
Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin.
Fumika Koyano, Kei Okatsu, Hidetaka Kosako, Yasushi Tamura, Etsu Go, Mayumi Kimura, Yoko Kimura, Hikaru Tsuchiya, Hidehito Yoshihara, Takatsugu Hirokawa,[...]. Nature 2014
Fumika Koyano, Kei Okatsu, Hidetaka Kosako, Yasushi Tamura, Etsu Go, Mayumi Kimura, Yoko Kimura, Hikaru Tsuchiya, Hidehito Yoshihara, Takatsugu Hirokawa,[...]. Nature 2014
24
Mitochondrial membrane potential regulates PINK1 import and proteolytic destabilization by PARL.
Seok Min Jin, Michael Lazarou, Chunxin Wang, Lesley A Kane, Derek P Narendra, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2010
Seok Min Jin, Michael Lazarou, Chunxin Wang, Lesley A Kane, Derek P Narendra, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2010
24
Mitophagy and Quality Control Mechanisms in Mitochondrial Maintenance.
Sarah Pickles, Pierre Vigié, Richard J Youle. Curr Biol 2018
Sarah Pickles, Pierre Vigié, Richard J Youle. Curr Biol 2018
24
Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells.
Lei Liu, Du Feng, Guo Chen, Ming Chen, Qiaoxia Zheng, Pingping Song, Qi Ma, Chongzhuo Zhu, Rui Wang, Wanjun Qi,[...]. Nat Cell Biol 2012
Lei Liu, Du Feng, Guo Chen, Ming Chen, Qiaoxia Zheng, Pingping Song, Qi Ma, Chongzhuo Zhu, Rui Wang, Wanjun Qi,[...]. Nat Cell Biol 2012
22
PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin to activate Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.
Lesley A Kane, Michael Lazarou, Adam I Fogel, Yan Li, Koji Yamano, Shireen A Sarraf, Soojay Banerjee, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2014
Lesley A Kane, Michael Lazarou, Adam I Fogel, Yan Li, Koji Yamano, Shireen A Sarraf, Soojay Banerjee, Richard J Youle. J Cell Biol 2014
22
The PINK1-PARKIN Mitochondrial Ubiquitylation Pathway Drives a Program of OPTN/NDP52 Recruitment and TBK1 Activation to Promote Mitophagy.
Jin-Mi Heo, Alban Ordureau, Joao A Paulo, Jesse Rinehart, J Wade Harper. Mol Cell 2015
Jin-Mi Heo, Alban Ordureau, Joao A Paulo, Jesse Rinehart, J Wade Harper. Mol Cell 2015
22
Broad activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by Parkin is critical for mitophagy.
Nickie C Chan, Anna M Salazar, Anh H Pham, Michael J Sweredoski, Natalie J Kolawa, Robert L J Graham, Sonja Hess, David C Chan. Hum Mol Genet 2011
Nickie C Chan, Anna M Salazar, Anh H Pham, Michael J Sweredoski, Natalie J Kolawa, Robert L J Graham, Sonja Hess, David C Chan. Hum Mol Genet 2011
21
Mfn2 ubiquitination by PINK1/parkin gates the p97-dependent release of ER from mitochondria to drive mitophagy.
Gian-Luca McLelland, Thomas Goiran, Wei Yi, Geneviève Dorval, Carol X Chen, Nadine D Lauinger, Andrea I Krahn, Sepideh Valimehr, Aleksandar Rakovic, Isabelle Rouiller,[...]. Elife 2018
Gian-Luca McLelland, Thomas Goiran, Wei Yi, Geneviève Dorval, Carol X Chen, Nadine D Lauinger, Andrea I Krahn, Sepideh Valimehr, Aleksandar Rakovic, Isabelle Rouiller,[...]. Elife 2018
21
PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits Parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent Parkin for mitophagy.
Noriyuki Matsuda, Shigeto Sato, Kahori Shiba, Kei Okatsu, Keiko Saisho, Clement A Gautier, Yu-Shin Sou, Shinji Saiki, Sumihiro Kawajiri, Fumiaki Sato,[...]. J Cell Biol 2010
Noriyuki Matsuda, Shigeto Sato, Kahori Shiba, Kei Okatsu, Keiko Saisho, Clement A Gautier, Yu-Shin Sou, Shinji Saiki, Sumihiro Kawajiri, Fumiaki Sato,[...]. J Cell Biol 2010
20
PINK1 and Parkin target Miro for phosphorylation and degradation to arrest mitochondrial motility.
Xinnan Wang, Dominic Winter, Ghazaleh Ashrafi, Julia Schlehe, Yao Liang Wong, Dennis Selkoe, Sarah Rice, Judith Steen, Matthew J LaVoie, Thomas L Schwarz. Cell 2011
Xinnan Wang, Dominic Winter, Ghazaleh Ashrafi, Julia Schlehe, Yao Liang Wong, Dennis Selkoe, Sarah Rice, Judith Steen, Matthew J LaVoie, Thomas L Schwarz. Cell 2011
20
PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65.
Chandana Kondapalli, Agne Kazlauskaite, Ning Zhang, Helen I Woodroof, David G Campbell, Robert Gourlay, Lynn Burchell, Helen Walden, Thomas J Macartney, Maria Deak,[...]. Open Biol 2012
Chandana Kondapalli, Agne Kazlauskaite, Ning Zhang, Helen I Woodroof, David G Campbell, Robert Gourlay, Lynn Burchell, Helen Walden, Thomas J Macartney, Maria Deak,[...]. Open Biol 2012
19
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
Alicia M Pickrell, Richard J Youle. Neuron 2015
Alicia M Pickrell, Richard J Youle. Neuron 2015
18
18
PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1.
Sven Geisler, Kira M Holmström, Diana Skujat, Fabienne C Fiesel, Oliver C Rothfuss, Philipp J Kahle, Wolfdieter Springer. Nat Cell Biol 2010
Sven Geisler, Kira M Holmström, Diana Skujat, Fabienne C Fiesel, Oliver C Rothfuss, Philipp J Kahle, Wolfdieter Springer. Nat Cell Biol 2010
18
Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria.
Olga Martins de Brito, Luca Scorrano. Nature 2008
Olga Martins de Brito, Luca Scorrano. Nature 2008
18
Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism.
T Kitada, S Asakawa, N Hattori, H Matsumine, Y Yamamura, S Minoshima, M Yokochi, Y Mizuno, N Shimizu. Nature 1998
T Kitada, S Asakawa, N Hattori, H Matsumine, Y Yamamura, S Minoshima, M Yokochi, Y Mizuno, N Shimizu. Nature 1998
18
Landscape of the PARKIN-dependent ubiquitylome in response to mitochondrial depolarization.
Shireen A Sarraf, Malavika Raman, Virginia Guarani-Pereira, Mathew E Sowa, Edward L Huttlin, Steven P Gygi, J Wade Harper. Nature 2013
Shireen A Sarraf, Malavika Raman, Virginia Guarani-Pereira, Mathew E Sowa, Edward L Huttlin, Steven P Gygi, J Wade Harper. Nature 2013
18
The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Baris Bingol, Joy S Tea, Lilian Phu, Mike Reichelt, Corey E Bakalarski, Qinghua Song, Oded Foreman, Donald S Kirkpatrick, Morgan Sheng. Nature 2014
Baris Bingol, Joy S Tea, Lilian Phu, Mike Reichelt, Corey E Bakalarski, Qinghua Song, Oded Foreman, Donald S Kirkpatrick, Morgan Sheng. Nature 2014
17
Quantitative proteomics reveal a feedforward mechanism for mitochondrial PARKIN translocation and ubiquitin chain synthesis.
Alban Ordureau, Shireen A Sarraf, David M Duda, Jin-Mi Heo, Mark P Jedrychowski, Vladislav O Sviderskiy, Jennifer L Olszewski, James T Koerber, Tiao Xie, Sean A Beausoleil,[...]. Mol Cell 2014
Alban Ordureau, Shireen A Sarraf, David M Duda, Jin-Mi Heo, Mark P Jedrychowski, Vladislav O Sviderskiy, Jennifer L Olszewski, James T Koerber, Tiao Xie, Sean A Beausoleil,[...]. Mol Cell 2014
17
Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fusion and are essential for embryonic development.
Hsiuchen Chen, Scott A Detmer, Andrew J Ewald, Erik E Griffin, Scott E Fraser, David C Chan. J Cell Biol 2003
Hsiuchen Chen, Scott A Detmer, Andrew J Ewald, Erik E Griffin, Scott E Fraser, David C Chan. J Cell Biol 2003
17
PINK1-phosphorylated mitofusin 2 is a Parkin receptor for culling damaged mitochondria.
Yun Chen, Gerald W Dorn. Science 2013
Yun Chen, Gerald W Dorn. Science 2013
17
Hereditary early-onset Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in PINK1.
Enza Maria Valente, Patrick M Abou-Sleiman, Viviana Caputo, Miratul M K Muqit, Kirsten Harvey, Suzana Gispert, Zeeshan Ali, Domenico Del Turco, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Daniel G Healy,[...]. Science 2004
Enza Maria Valente, Patrick M Abou-Sleiman, Viviana Caputo, Miratul M K Muqit, Kirsten Harvey, Suzana Gispert, Zeeshan Ali, Domenico Del Turco, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Daniel G Healy,[...]. Science 2004
17
Basal Mitophagy Occurs Independently of PINK1 in Mouse Tissues of High Metabolic Demand.
Thomas G McWilliams, Alan R Prescott, Lambert Montava-Garriga, Graeme Ball, François Singh, Erica Barini, Miratul M K Muqit, Simon P Brooks, Ian G Ganley. Cell Metab 2018
Thomas G McWilliams, Alan R Prescott, Lambert Montava-Garriga, Graeme Ball, François Singh, Erica Barini, Miratul M K Muqit, Simon P Brooks, Ian G Ganley. Cell Metab 2018
15
Parkin-independent mitophagy requires Drp1 and maintains the integrity of mammalian heart and brain.
Yusuke Kageyama, Masahiko Hoshijima, Kinya Seo, Djahida Bedja, Polina Sysa-Shah, Shaida A Andrabi, Weiran Chen, Ahmet Höke, Valina L Dawson, Ted M Dawson,[...]. EMBO J 2014
Yusuke Kageyama, Masahiko Hoshijima, Kinya Seo, Djahida Bedja, Polina Sysa-Shah, Shaida A Andrabi, Weiran Chen, Ahmet Höke, Valina L Dawson, Ted M Dawson,[...]. EMBO J 2014
15
Essential role for Nix in autophagic maturation of erythroid cells.
Hector Sandoval, Perumal Thiagarajan, Swapan K Dasgupta, Armin Schumacher, Josef T Prchal, Min Chen, Jin Wang. Nature 2008
Hector Sandoval, Perumal Thiagarajan, Swapan K Dasgupta, Armin Schumacher, Josef T Prchal, Min Chen, Jin Wang. Nature 2008
15
PINK1-dependent recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in mitophagy.
Cristofol Vives-Bauza, Chun Zhou, Yong Huang, Mei Cui, Rosa L A de Vries, Jiho Kim, Jessica May, Maja Aleksandra Tocilescu, Wencheng Liu, Han Seok Ko,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010
Cristofol Vives-Bauza, Chun Zhou, Yong Huang, Mei Cui, Rosa L A de Vries, Jiho Kim, Jessica May, Maja Aleksandra Tocilescu, Wencheng Liu, Han Seok Ko,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010
15
Phosphorylation of OPTN by TBK1 enhances its binding to Ub chains and promotes selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria.
Benjamin Richter, Danielle A Sliter, Lina Herhaus, Alexandra Stolz, Chunxin Wang, Petra Beli, Gabriele Zaffagnini, Philipp Wild, Sascha Martens, Sebastian A Wagner,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016
Benjamin Richter, Danielle A Sliter, Lina Herhaus, Alexandra Stolz, Chunxin Wang, Petra Beli, Gabriele Zaffagnini, Philipp Wild, Sascha Martens, Sebastian A Wagner,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016
15
Parkin mediates proteasome-dependent protein degradation and rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Saori R Yoshii, Chieko Kishi, Naotada Ishihara, Noboru Mizushima. J Biol Chem 2011
Saori R Yoshii, Chieko Kishi, Naotada Ishihara, Noboru Mizushima. J Biol Chem 2011
14
Nix is a selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance.
Ivana Novak, Vladimir Kirkin, David G McEwan, Ji Zhang, Philipp Wild, Alexis Rozenknop, Vladimir Rogov, Frank Löhr, Doris Popovic, Angelo Occhipinti,[...]. EMBO Rep 2010
Ivana Novak, Vladimir Kirkin, David G McEwan, Ji Zhang, Philipp Wild, Alexis Rozenknop, Vladimir Rogov, Frank Löhr, Doris Popovic, Angelo Occhipinti,[...]. EMBO Rep 2010
14
Mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
Ming Chen, Ziheng Chen, Yueying Wang, Zheng Tan, Chongzhuo Zhu, Yanjun Li, Zhe Han, Linbo Chen, Ruize Gao, Lei Liu,[...]. Autophagy 2016
Ming Chen, Ziheng Chen, Yueying Wang, Zheng Tan, Chongzhuo Zhu, Yanjun Li, Zhe Han, Linbo Chen, Ruize Gao, Lei Liu,[...]. Autophagy 2016
14
Bcl-2-like protein 13 is a mammalian Atg32 homologue that mediates mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation.
Tomokazu Murakawa, Osamu Yamaguchi, Ayako Hashimoto, Shungo Hikoso, Toshihiro Takeda, Takafumi Oka, Hiroki Yasui, Hiromichi Ueda, Yasuhiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nakayama,[...]. Nat Commun 2015
Tomokazu Murakawa, Osamu Yamaguchi, Ayako Hashimoto, Shungo Hikoso, Toshihiro Takeda, Takafumi Oka, Hiroki Yasui, Hiromichi Ueda, Yasuhiro Akazawa, Hiroyuki Nakayama,[...]. Nat Commun 2015
14
ER tubules mark sites of mitochondrial division.
Jonathan R Friedman, Laura L Lackner, Matthew West, Jared R DiBenedetto, Jodi Nunnari, Gia K Voeltz. Science 2011
Jonathan R Friedman, Laura L Lackner, Matthew West, Jared R DiBenedetto, Jodi Nunnari, Gia K Voeltz. Science 2011
14
Mitochondrial processing peptidase regulates PINK1 processing, import and Parkin recruitment.
Andrew W Greene, Karl Grenier, Miguel A Aguileta, Stephanie Muise, Rasoul Farazifard, M Emdadul Haque, Heidi M McBride, David S Park, Edward A Fon. EMBO Rep 2012
Andrew W Greene, Karl Grenier, Miguel A Aguileta, Stephanie Muise, Rasoul Farazifard, M Emdadul Haque, Heidi M McBride, David S Park, Edward A Fon. EMBO Rep 2012
14
Mechanisms of mitophagy in cellular homeostasis, physiology and pathology.
Konstantinos Palikaras, Eirini Lionaki, Nektarios Tavernarakis. Nat Cell Biol 2018
Konstantinos Palikaras, Eirini Lionaki, Nektarios Tavernarakis. Nat Cell Biol 2018
13
Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation.
Yvette C Wong, Erika L F Holzbaur. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014
Yvette C Wong, Erika L F Holzbaur. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014
13
Fis1, Mff, MiD49, and MiD51 mediate Drp1 recruitment in mitochondrial fission.
Oliver C Losón, Zhiyin Song, Hsiuchen Chen, David C Chan. Mol Biol Cell 2013
Oliver C Losón, Zhiyin Song, Hsiuchen Chen, David C Chan. Mol Biol Cell 2013
13
Measuring In Vivo Mitophagy.
Nuo Sun, Jeanho Yun, Jie Liu, Daniela Malide, Chengyu Liu, Ilsa I Rovira, Kira M Holmström, Maria M Fergusson, Young Hyun Yoo, Christian A Combs,[...]. Mol Cell 2015
Nuo Sun, Jeanho Yun, Jie Liu, Daniela Malide, Chengyu Liu, Ilsa I Rovira, Kira M Holmström, Maria M Fergusson, Young Hyun Yoo, Christian A Combs,[...]. Mol Cell 2015
13
FKBP8 recruits LC3A to mediate Parkin-independent mitophagy.
Zambarlal Bhujabal, Åsa B Birgisdottir, Eva Sjøttem, Hanne B Brenne, Aud Øvervatn, Sabrina Habisov, Vladimir Kirkin, Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen. EMBO Rep 2017
Zambarlal Bhujabal, Åsa B Birgisdottir, Eva Sjøttem, Hanne B Brenne, Aud Øvervatn, Sabrina Habisov, Vladimir Kirkin, Trond Lamark, Terje Johansen. EMBO Rep 2017
13
Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and stress.
Richard J Youle, Alexander M van der Bliek. Science 2012
Richard J Youle, Alexander M van der Bliek. Science 2012
13
Mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2 are ubiquitinated in a PINK1/parkin-dependent manner upon induction of mitophagy.
Matthew E Gegg, J Mark Cooper, Kai-Yin Chau, Manuel Rojo, Anthony H V Schapira, Jan-Willem Taanman. Hum Mol Genet 2010
Matthew E Gegg, J Mark Cooper, Kai-Yin Chau, Manuel Rojo, Anthony H V Schapira, Jan-Willem Taanman. Hum Mol Genet 2010
13
Drosophila pink1 is required for mitochondrial function and interacts genetically with parkin.
Ira E Clark, Mark W Dodson, Changan Jiang, Joseph H Cao, Jun R Huh, Jae Hong Seol, Soon Ji Yoo, Bruce A Hay, Ming Guo. Nature 2006
Ira E Clark, Mark W Dodson, Changan Jiang, Joseph H Cao, Jun R Huh, Jae Hong Seol, Soon Ji Yoo, Bruce A Hay, Ming Guo. Nature 2006
12
ULK1 translocates to mitochondria and phosphorylates FUNDC1 to regulate mitophagy.
Wenxian Wu, Weili Tian, Zhe Hu, Guo Chen, Lei Huang, Wen Li, Xingli Zhang, Peng Xue, Changqian Zhou, Lei Liu,[...]. EMBO Rep 2014
Wenxian Wu, Weili Tian, Zhe Hu, Guo Chen, Lei Huang, Wen Li, Xingli Zhang, Peng Xue, Changqian Zhou, Lei Liu,[...]. EMBO Rep 2014
12
Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-β and tau pathology and reverses cognitive deficits in models of Alzheimer's disease.
Evandro F Fang, Yujun Hou, Konstantinos Palikaras, Bryan A Adriaanse, Jesse S Kerr, Beimeng Yang, Sofie Lautrup, Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive, Domenica Caponio, Xiuli Dan,[...]. Nat Neurosci 2019
Evandro F Fang, Yujun Hou, Konstantinos Palikaras, Bryan A Adriaanse, Jesse S Kerr, Beimeng Yang, Sofie Lautrup, Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive, Domenica Caponio, Xiuli Dan,[...]. Nat Neurosci 2019
12
Role of PINK1 binding to the TOM complex and alternate intracellular membranes in recruitment and activation of the E3 ligase Parkin.
Michael Lazarou, Seok Min Jin, Lesley A Kane, Richard J Youle. Dev Cell 2012
Michael Lazarou, Seok Min Jin, Lesley A Kane, Richard J Youle. Dev Cell 2012
12
Mitochondrial fission facilitates the selective mitophagy of protein aggregates.
Jonathon L Burman, Sarah Pickles, Chunxin Wang, Shiori Sekine, Jose Norberto S Vargas, Zhe Zhang, Alice M Youle, Catherine L Nezich, Xufeng Wu, John A Hammer,[...]. J Cell Biol 2017
Jonathon L Burman, Sarah Pickles, Chunxin Wang, Shiori Sekine, Jose Norberto S Vargas, Zhe Zhang, Alice M Youle, Catherine L Nezich, Xufeng Wu, John A Hammer,[...]. J Cell Biol 2017
12
Parkin is activated by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of ubiquitin at Ser65.
Agne Kazlauskaite, Chandana Kondapalli, Robert Gourlay, David G Campbell, Maria Stella Ritorto, Kay Hofmann, Dario R Alessi, Axel Knebel, Matthias Trost, Miratul M K Muqit. Biochem J 2014
Agne Kazlauskaite, Chandana Kondapalli, Robert Gourlay, David G Campbell, Maria Stella Ritorto, Kay Hofmann, Dario R Alessi, Axel Knebel, Matthias Trost, Miratul M K Muqit. Biochem J 2014
12
Co-cited is the co-citation frequency, indicating how many articles cite the article together with the query article. Similarity is the co-citation as percentage of the times cited of the query article or the article in the search results, whichever is the lowest. These numbers are calculated for the last 100 citations when articles are cited more than 100 times.