Yoichiro Hirakawa, Hisatomi Arima, Sophia Zoungas, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Mark Cooper, Pavel Hamet, Giuseppe Mancia, Neil Poulter, Stephen Harrap, Mark Woodward, John Chalmers. Diabetes Care 2014
Times Cited: 173
Times Cited: 173
Times Cited
Times Co-cited
Similarity
Long-term Glycemic Variability and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Catherine Gorst, Chun Shing Kwok, Saadia Aslam, Iain Buchan, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Phyo K Myint, Grant Heatlie, Yoon Loke, Martin K Rutter, Mamas A Mamas. Diabetes Care 2015
Catherine Gorst, Chun Shing Kwok, Saadia Aslam, Iain Buchan, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Phyo K Myint, Grant Heatlie, Yoon Loke, Martin K Rutter, Mamas A Mamas. Diabetes Care 2015
41
Activation of oxidative stress by acute glucose fluctuations compared with sustained chronic hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Louis Monnier, Emilie Mas, Christine Ginet, Françoise Michel, Laetitia Villon, Jean-Paul Cristol, Claude Colette. JAMA 2006
Louis Monnier, Emilie Mas, Christine Ginet, Françoise Michel, Laetitia Villon, Jean-Paul Cristol, Claude Colette. JAMA 2006
38
Oscillating glucose is more deleterious to endothelial function and oxidative stress than mean glucose in normal and type 2 diabetic patients.
Antonio Ceriello, Katherine Esposito, Ludovica Piconi, Michael A Ihnat, Jessica E Thorpe, Roberto Testa, Massimo Boemi, Dario Giugliano. Diabetes 2008
Antonio Ceriello, Katherine Esposito, Ludovica Piconi, Michael A Ihnat, Jessica E Thorpe, Roberto Testa, Massimo Boemi, Dario Giugliano. Diabetes 2008
30
Glycemic Variation and Cardiovascular Risk in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.
Jin J Zhou, Dawn C Schwenke, Gideon Bahn, Peter Reaven. Diabetes Care 2018
Jin J Zhou, Dawn C Schwenke, Gideon Bahn, Peter Reaven. Diabetes Care 2018
58
Long-term visit-to-visit glycemic variability as predictor of micro- and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Rio de Janeiro Type 2 Diabetes Cohort Study.
C R L Cardoso, N C Leite, C B M Moram, G F Salles. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018
C R L Cardoso, N C Leite, C B M Moram, G F Salles. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018
40
Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.
Hertzel C Gerstein, Michael E Miller, Robert P Byington, David C Goff, J Thomas Bigger, John B Buse, William C Cushman, Saul Genuth, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Richard H Grimm,[...]. N Engl J Med 2008
Hertzel C Gerstein, Michael E Miller, Robert P Byington, David C Goff, J Thomas Bigger, John B Buse, William C Cushman, Saul Genuth, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Richard H Grimm,[...]. N Engl J Med 2008
26
Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability and Risks of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: The ALLHAT Study.
Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Songzhu Zhao, Guy Brock, Roland A Matsouaka, David Kline, Joshua J Joseph. Diabetes Care 2019
Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Songzhu Zhao, Guy Brock, Roland A Matsouaka, David Kline, Joshua J Joseph. Diabetes Care 2019
57
Day-to-day fasting glycaemic variability in DEVOTE: associations with severe hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular outcomes (DEVOTE 2).
Bernard Zinman, Steven P Marso, Neil R Poulter, Scott S Emerson, Thomas R Pieber, Richard E Pratley, Martin Lange, Kirstine Brown-Frandsen, Alan Moses, Ann Marie Ocampo Francisco,[...]. Diabetologia 2018
Bernard Zinman, Steven P Marso, Neil R Poulter, Scott S Emerson, Thomas R Pieber, Richard E Pratley, Martin Lange, Kirstine Brown-Frandsen, Alan Moses, Ann Marie Ocampo Francisco,[...]. Diabetologia 2018
26
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
William Duckworth, Carlos Abraira, Thomas Moritz, Domenic Reda, Nicholas Emanuele, Peter D Reaven, Franklin J Zieve, Jennifer Marks, Stephen N Davis, Rodney Hayward,[...]. N Engl J Med 2009
William Duckworth, Carlos Abraira, Thomas Moritz, Domenic Reda, Nicholas Emanuele, Peter D Reaven, Franklin J Zieve, Jennifer Marks, Stephen N Davis, Rodney Hayward,[...]. N Engl J Med 2009
18
Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Anushka Patel, Stephen MacMahon, John Chalmers, Bruce Neal, Laurent Billot, Mark Woodward, Michel Marre, Mark Cooper, Paul Glasziou, Diederick Grobbee,[...]. N Engl J Med 2008
Anushka Patel, Stephen MacMahon, John Chalmers, Bruce Neal, Laurent Billot, Mark Woodward, Michel Marre, Mark Cooper, Paul Glasziou, Diederick Grobbee,[...]. N Engl J Med 2008
18
A1C variability and the risk of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
Eric S Kilpatrick, Alan S Rigby, Stephen L Atkin. Diabetes Care 2008
Eric S Kilpatrick, Alan S Rigby, Stephen L Atkin. Diabetes Care 2008
17
Glycaemic variability in diabetes: clinical and therapeutic implications.
Antonio Ceriello, Louis Monnier, David Owens. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019
Antonio Ceriello, Louis Monnier, David Owens. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019
17
Visit-to-visit variability of fasting plasma glucose as predictor of ischemic stroke: competing risk analysis in a national cohort of Taiwan Diabetes Study.
Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chun-Pai Yang, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Ching-Chu Chen, Wen-Yuan Lin, Kai-Lin Hwang, Sing-Yu Yang, Tsai-Chung Li. BMC Med 2014
Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chun-Pai Yang, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Ching-Chu Chen, Wen-Yuan Lin, Kai-Lin Hwang, Sing-Yu Yang, Tsai-Chung Li. BMC Med 2014
31
International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring.
Thomas Danne, Revital Nimri, Tadej Battelino, Richard M Bergenstal, Kelly L Close, J Hans DeVries, Satish Garg, Lutz Heinemann, Irl Hirsch, Stephanie A Amiel,[...]. Diabetes Care 2017
Thomas Danne, Revital Nimri, Tadej Battelino, Richard M Bergenstal, Kelly L Close, J Hans DeVries, Satish Garg, Lutz Heinemann, Irl Hirsch, Stephanie A Amiel,[...]. Diabetes Care 2017
14
Mean HbA1c, HbA1c variability, and mortality in people with diabetes aged 70 years and older: a retrospective cohort study.
Angus Forbes, Trevor Murrells, Henrietta Mulnier, Alan J Sinclair. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018
Angus Forbes, Trevor Murrells, Henrietta Mulnier, Alan J Sinclair. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018
20
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Rury R Holman, Sanjoy K Paul, M Angelyn Bethel, David R Matthews, H Andrew W Neil. N Engl J Med 2008
Rury R Holman, Sanjoy K Paul, M Angelyn Bethel, David R Matthews, H Andrew W Neil. N Engl J Med 2008
13
Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death.
Sophia Zoungas, Anushka Patel, John Chalmers, Bastiaan E de Galan, Qiang Li, Laurent Billot, Mark Woodward, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Bruce Neal, Stephen MacMahon,[...]. N Engl J Med 2010
Sophia Zoungas, Anushka Patel, John Chalmers, Bastiaan E de Galan, Qiang Li, Laurent Billot, Mark Woodward, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Bruce Neal, Stephen MacMahon,[...]. N Engl J Med 2010
13
'Glycaemic variability': a new therapeutic challenge in diabetes and the critical care setting.
A Ceriello, M A Ihnat. Diabet Med 2010
A Ceriello, M A Ihnat. Diabet Med 2010
13
Fasting plasma glucose variability and all-cause mortality among type 2 diabetes patients: a dynamic cohort study in Shanghai, China.
Dongli Xu, Hong Fang, Wanghong Xu, Yujie Yan, Yinan Liu, Baodong Yao. Sci Rep 2016
Dongli Xu, Hong Fang, Wanghong Xu, Yujie Yan, Yinan Liu, Baodong Yao. Sci Rep 2016
50
Fasting plasma glucose variability predicts 10-year survival of type 2 diabetic patients: the Verona Diabetes Study.
M Muggeo, G Zoppini, E Bonora, E Brun, R C Bonadonna, P Moghetti, G Verlato. Diabetes Care 2000
M Muggeo, G Zoppini, E Bonora, E Brun, R C Bonadonna, P Moghetti, G Verlato. Diabetes Care 2000
12
12
The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
D M Nathan, S Genuth, J Lachin, P Cleary, O Crofford, M Davis, L Rand, C Siebert. N Engl J Med 1993
D M Nathan, S Genuth, J Lachin, P Cleary, O Crofford, M Davis, L Rand, C Siebert. N Engl J Med 1993
12
Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications.
Michael Brownlee, Irl B Hirsch. JAMA 2006
Michael Brownlee, Irl B Hirsch. JAMA 2006
12
Haemoglobin A1c variability is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Emanuela Orsi, Anna Solini, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Roberto Trevisan, Monica Vedovato, Franco Cavalot, Gabriella Gruden, Susanna Morano, Antonio Nicolucci,[...]. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018
Emanuela Orsi, Anna Solini, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Roberto Trevisan, Monica Vedovato, Franco Cavalot, Gabriella Gruden, Susanna Morano, Antonio Nicolucci,[...]. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018
52
Association between HbA1c variability and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Toshiko Takao, Yutaka Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Yanagisawa, Masatoshi Kikuchi, Shoji Kawazu. J Diabetes Complications 2014
Toshiko Takao, Yutaka Matsuyama, Hiroyuki Yanagisawa, Masatoshi Kikuchi, Shoji Kawazu. J Diabetes Complications 2014
33
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Fasting Plasma Glucose and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in the General Population.
Anxin Wang, Xiaoxue Liu, Jie Xu, Xiaochen Han, Zhaoping Su, Shuohua Chen, Nan Zhang, Shouling Wu, Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang. J Am Heart Assoc 2017
Anxin Wang, Xiaoxue Liu, Jie Xu, Xiaochen Han, Zhaoping Su, Shuohua Chen, Nan Zhang, Shouling Wu, Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang. J Am Heart Assoc 2017
37
Associations of Variability in Blood Pressure, Glucose and Cholesterol Concentrations, and Body Mass Index With Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the General Population.
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Gunseog Kang, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee. Circulation 2018
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Gunseog Kang, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee. Circulation 2018
15
Variability in Glycated Hemoglobin and Risk of Poor Outcomes Among People With Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Primary Care Cohort Study.
Julia A Critchley, Iain M Carey, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, Derek G Cook. Diabetes Care 2019
Julia A Critchley, Iain M Carey, Tess Harris, Stephen DeWilde, Derek G Cook. Diabetes Care 2019
50
Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study.
I M Stratton, A I Adler, H A Neil, D R Matthews, S E Manley, C A Cull, D Hadden, R C Turner, R R Holman. BMJ 2000
I M Stratton, A I Adler, H A Neil, D R Matthews, S E Manley, C A Cull, D Hadden, R C Turner, R R Holman. BMJ 2000
10
Glycemic memories and the epigenetic component of diabetic nephropathy.
Samuel T Keating, Assam El-Osta. Curr Diab Rep 2013
Samuel T Keating, Assam El-Osta. Curr Diab Rep 2013
28
Visit-to-Visit Variability of Hemoglobin A1c in People Without Diabetes and Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.
Jonas Ghouse, Morten W Skov, Jørgen K Kanters, Bent Lind, Jonas L Isaksen, Paul Blanche, Stig Haunsø, Lars Køber, Jesper H Svendsen, Morten S Olesen,[...]. Diabetes Care 2019
Jonas Ghouse, Morten W Skov, Jørgen K Kanters, Bent Lind, Jonas L Isaksen, Paul Blanche, Stig Haunsø, Lars Køber, Jesper H Svendsen, Morten S Olesen,[...]. Diabetes Care 2019
66
Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension.
Peter M Rothwell, Sally C Howard, Eamon Dolan, Eoin O'Brien, Joanna E Dobson, Bjorn Dahlöf, Peter S Sever, Neil R Poulter. Lancet 2010
Peter M Rothwell, Sally C Howard, Eamon Dolan, Eoin O'Brien, Joanna E Dobson, Bjorn Dahlöf, Peter S Sever, Neil R Poulter. Lancet 2010
10
Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, a measure of diabetic instability.
F J Service, G D Molnar, J W Rosevear, E Ackerman, L C Gatewood, W F Taylor. Diabetes 1970
F J Service, G D Molnar, J W Rosevear, E Ackerman, L C Gatewood, W F Taylor. Diabetes 1970
9
Toward Defining the Threshold Between Low and High Glucose Variability in Diabetes.
Louis Monnier, Claude Colette, Anne Wojtusciszyn, Sylvie Dejager, Eric Renard, Nicolas Molinari, David R Owens. Diabetes Care 2017
Louis Monnier, Claude Colette, Anne Wojtusciszyn, Sylvie Dejager, Eric Renard, Nicolas Molinari, David R Owens. Diabetes Care 2017
9
A1C variability predicts incident cardiovascular events, microalbuminuria, and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Johan Wadén, Carol Forsblom, Lena M Thorn, Daniel Gordin, Markku Saraheimo, Per-Henrik Groop. Diabetes 2009
Johan Wadén, Carol Forsblom, Lena M Thorn, Daniel Gordin, Markku Saraheimo, Per-Henrik Groop. Diabetes 2009
9
A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.
Andrew S Levey, Lesley A Stevens, Christopher H Schmid, Yaping Lucy Zhang, Alejandro F Castro, Harold I Feldman, John W Kusek, Paul Eggers, Frederick Van Lente, Tom Greene,[...]. Ann Intern Med 2009
Andrew S Levey, Lesley A Stevens, Christopher H Schmid, Yaping Lucy Zhang, Alejandro F Castro, Harold I Feldman, John W Kusek, Paul Eggers, Frederick Van Lente, Tom Greene,[...]. Ann Intern Med 2009
9
Gliclazide protects human islet beta-cells from apoptosis induced by intermittent high glucose.
S Del Guerra, M Grupillo, M Masini, R Lupi, M Bugliani, S Torri, U Boggi, M Del Chiaro, F Vistoli, F Mosca,[...]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007
S Del Guerra, M Grupillo, M Masini, R Lupi, M Bugliani, S Torri, U Boggi, M Del Chiaro, F Vistoli, F Mosca,[...]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007
11
Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress.
Katherine Esposito, Francesco Nappo, Raffaele Marfella, Giovanni Giugliano, Francesco Giugliano, Myriam Ciotola, Lisa Quagliaro, Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano. Circulation 2002
Katherine Esposito, Francesco Nappo, Raffaele Marfella, Giovanni Giugliano, Francesco Giugliano, Myriam Ciotola, Lisa Quagliaro, Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano. Circulation 2002
9
Risk association of HbA1c variability with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: prospective analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry.
Andrea O Y Luk, Ronald C W Ma, Eric S H Lau, Xilin Yang, Winnie W Y Lau, Linda W L Yu, Francis C C Chow, Juliana C N Chan, Wing-Yee So. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013
Andrea O Y Luk, Ronald C W Ma, Eric S H Lau, Xilin Yang, Winnie W Y Lau, Linda W L Yu, Francis C C Chow, Juliana C N Chan, Wing-Yee So. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013
11
Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range.
Tadej Battelino, Thomas Danne, Richard M Bergenstal, Stephanie A Amiel, Roy Beck, Torben Biester, Emanuele Bosi, Bruce A Buckingham, William T Cefalu, Kelly L Close,[...]. Diabetes Care 2019
Tadej Battelino, Thomas Danne, Richard M Bergenstal, Stephanie A Amiel, Roy Beck, Torben Biester, Emanuele Bosi, Bruce A Buckingham, William T Cefalu, Kelly L Close,[...]. Diabetes Care 2019
9
Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis related to oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: the role of protein kinase C and NAD(P)H-oxidase activation.
Lisa Quagliaro, Ludovica Piconi, Roberta Assaloni, Lucia Martinelli, Enrico Motz, Antonio Ceriello. Diabetes 2003
Lisa Quagliaro, Ludovica Piconi, Roberta Assaloni, Lucia Martinelli, Enrico Motz, Antonio Ceriello. Diabetes 2003
8
Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage.
T Nishikawa, D Edelstein, X L Du, S Yamagishi, T Matsumura, Y Kaneda, M A Yorek, D Beebe, P J Oates, H P Hammes,[...]. Nature 2000
T Nishikawa, D Edelstein, X L Du, S Yamagishi, T Matsumura, Y Kaneda, M A Yorek, D Beebe, P J Oates, H P Hammes,[...]. Nature 2000
8
HbA1c variability as an independent correlate of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study.
Giuseppe Penno, Anna Solini, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Emanuela Orsi, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Susanna Morano, Franco Cavalot, Olga Lamacchia, Luigi Laviola,[...]. Diabetes Care 2013
Giuseppe Penno, Anna Solini, Enzo Bonora, Cecilia Fondelli, Emanuela Orsi, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Susanna Morano, Franco Cavalot, Olga Lamacchia, Luigi Laviola,[...]. Diabetes Care 2013
9
Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.
Bernard Zinman, Christoph Wanner, John M Lachin, David Fitchett, Erich Bluhmki, Stefan Hantel, Michaela Mattheus, Theresa Devins, Odd Erik Johansen, Hans J Woerle,[...]. N Engl J Med 2015
Bernard Zinman, Christoph Wanner, John M Lachin, David Fitchett, Erich Bluhmki, Stefan Hantel, Michaela Mattheus, Theresa Devins, Odd Erik Johansen, Hans J Woerle,[...]. N Engl J Med 2015
8
Relationship of HbA1c variability, absolute changes in HbA1c, and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes: a Danish population-based prospective observational study.
Mette V Skriver, Annelli Sandbæk, Jette K Kristensen, Henrik Støvring. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015
Mette V Skriver, Annelli Sandbæk, Jette K Kristensen, Henrik Støvring. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2015
22
Cholesterol variability and the risk of mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke: a nationwide population-based study.
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hun-Sung Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee. Eur Heart J 2017
Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Hun-Sung Kim, Yong-Moon Park, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Kun-Ho Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee. Eur Heart J 2017
9
Fluctuations in HbA1c are associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Ryotaro Bouchi, Tetsuya Babazono, Michino Mugishima, Naoshi Yoshida, Izumi Nyumura, Kiwako Toya, Toshihide Hayashi, Ko Hanai, Nobue Tanaka, Akiko Ishii,[...]. J Diabetes Investig 2012
Ryotaro Bouchi, Tetsuya Babazono, Michino Mugishima, Naoshi Yoshida, Izumi Nyumura, Kiwako Toya, Toshihide Hayashi, Ko Hanai, Nobue Tanaka, Akiko Ishii,[...]. J Diabetes Investig 2012
34
Association of variability in hemoglobin A1c with cardiovascular diseases and mortality in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A retrospective population-based cohort study.
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Colman Siu Cheung Fung, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam. J Diabetes Complications 2016
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Colman Siu Cheung Fung, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam. J Diabetes Complications 2016
29
Visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose variability is an important risk factor for long-term changes in left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Xixiang Tang, Junlin Zhong, Hui Zhang, Yanting Luo, Xing Liu, Long Peng, Yanling Zhang, Xiaoxian Qian, Boxiong Jiang, Jinlai Liu,[...]. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019
Xixiang Tang, Junlin Zhong, Hui Zhang, Yanting Luo, Xing Liu, Long Peng, Yanling Zhang, Xiaoxian Qian, Boxiong Jiang, Jinlai Liu,[...]. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019
57
Prognostic Significance of Long-term HbA1c Variability for All-Cause Mortality in the ACCORD Trial.
Chang-Sheng Sheng, Jingyan Tian, Ya Miao, Yi Cheng, Yulin Yang, Peter D Reaven, Zachary T Bloomgarden, Guang Ning. Diabetes Care 2020
Chang-Sheng Sheng, Jingyan Tian, Ya Miao, Yi Cheng, Yulin Yang, Peter D Reaven, Zachary T Bloomgarden, Guang Ning. Diabetes Care 2020
38
Co-cited is the co-citation frequency, indicating how many articles cite the article together with the query article. Similarity is the co-citation as percentage of the times cited of the query article or the article in the search results, whichever is the lowest. These numbers are calculated for the last 100 citations when articles are cited more than 100 times.