Steve Horvath, Kenneth Raj. Nat Rev Genet 2018
Times Cited: 680
Times Cited: 680
Times Cited
Times Co-cited
Similarity
Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates.
Gregory Hannum, Justin Guinney, Ling Zhao, Li Zhang, Guy Hughes, SriniVas Sadda, Brandy Klotzle, Marina Bibikova, Jian-Bing Fan, Yuan Gao,[...]. Mol Cell 2013
Gregory Hannum, Justin Guinney, Ling Zhao, Li Zhang, Guy Hughes, SriniVas Sadda, Brandy Klotzle, Marina Bibikova, Jian-Bing Fan, Yuan Gao,[...]. Mol Cell 2013
38
An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan.
Morgan E Levine, Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, Brian H Chen, Themistocles L Assimes, Stefania Bandinelli, Lifang Hou, Andrea A Baccarelli, James D Stewart, Yun Li,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2018
Morgan E Levine, Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, Brian H Chen, Themistocles L Assimes, Stefania Bandinelli, Lifang Hou, Andrea A Baccarelli, James D Stewart, Yun Li,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2018
33
DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan.
Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, James G Wilson, Alex P Reiner, Abraham Aviv, Kenneth Raj, Lifang Hou, Andrea A Baccarelli, Yun Li, James D Stewart,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2019
Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, James G Wilson, Alex P Reiner, Abraham Aviv, Kenneth Raj, Lifang Hou, Andrea A Baccarelli, Yun Li, James D Stewart,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2019
29
The hallmarks of aging.
Carlos López-Otín, Maria A Blasco, Linda Partridge, Manuel Serrano, Guido Kroemer. Cell 2013
Carlos López-Otín, Maria A Blasco, Linda Partridge, Manuel Serrano, Guido Kroemer. Cell 2013
26
DNA methylation aging clocks: challenges and recommendations.
Christopher G Bell, Robert Lowe, Peter D Adams, Andrea A Baccarelli, Stephan Beck, Jordana T Bell, Brock C Christensen, Vadim N Gladyshev, Bastiaan T Heijmans, Steve Horvath,[...]. Genome Biol 2019
Christopher G Bell, Robert Lowe, Peter D Adams, Andrea A Baccarelli, Stephan Beck, Jordana T Bell, Brock C Christensen, Vadim N Gladyshev, Bastiaan T Heijmans, Steve Horvath,[...]. Genome Biol 2019
20
DNA methylation-based measures of biological age: meta-analysis predicting time to death.
Brian H Chen, Riccardo E Marioni, Elena Colicino, Marjolein J Peters, Cavin K Ward-Caviness, Pei-Chien Tsai, Nicholas S Roetker, Allan C Just, Ellen W Demerath, Weihua Guan,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2016
Brian H Chen, Riccardo E Marioni, Elena Colicino, Marjolein J Peters, Cavin K Ward-Caviness, Pei-Chien Tsai, Nicholas S Roetker, Allan C Just, Ellen W Demerath, Weihua Guan,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2016
18
DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life.
Riccardo E Marioni, Sonia Shah, Allan F McRae, Brian H Chen, Elena Colicino, Sarah E Harris, Jude Gibson, Anjali K Henders, Paul Redmond, Simon R Cox,[...]. Genome Biol 2015
Riccardo E Marioni, Sonia Shah, Allan F McRae, Brian H Chen, Elena Colicino, Sarah E Harris, Jude Gibson, Anjali K Henders, Paul Redmond, Simon R Cox,[...]. Genome Biol 2015
16
Epigenetic age acceleration predicts cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality in a German case cohort.
Laura Perna, Yan Zhang, Ute Mons, Bernd Holleczek, Kai-Uwe Saum, Hermann Brenner. Clin Epigenetics 2016
Laura Perna, Yan Zhang, Ute Mons, Bernd Holleczek, Kai-Uwe Saum, Hermann Brenner. Clin Epigenetics 2016
13
The epigenetic clock is correlated with physical and cognitive fitness in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.
Riccardo E Marioni, Sonia Shah, Allan F McRae, Stuart J Ritchie, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Sarah E Harris, Jude Gibson, Paul Redmond, Simon R Cox, Alison Pattie,[...]. Int J Epidemiol 2015
Riccardo E Marioni, Sonia Shah, Allan F McRae, Stuart J Ritchie, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Sarah E Harris, Jude Gibson, Paul Redmond, Simon R Cox, Alison Pattie,[...]. Int J Epidemiol 2015
11
GrimAge Outperforms Other Epigenetic Clocks in the Prediction of Age-Related Clinical Phenotypes and All-Cause Mortality.
Cathal McCrory, Giovanni Fiorito, Belinda Hernandez, Silvia Polidoro, Aisling M O'Halloran, Ann Hever, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Ake T Lu, Steve Horvath, Paolo Vineis,[...]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021
Cathal McCrory, Giovanni Fiorito, Belinda Hernandez, Silvia Polidoro, Aisling M O'Halloran, Ann Hever, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Ake T Lu, Steve Horvath, Paolo Vineis,[...]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021
24
Epigenetic clock for skin and blood cells applied to Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and ex vivo studies.
Steve Horvath, Junko Oshima, George M Martin, Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, Howard Cohen, Sarah Felton, Mieko Matsuyama, Donna Lowe, Sylwia Kabacik,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2018
Steve Horvath, Junko Oshima, George M Martin, Ake T Lu, Austin Quach, Howard Cohen, Sarah Felton, Mieko Matsuyama, Donna Lowe, Sylwia Kabacik,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2018
10
Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer.
Andrew E Teschendorff, Usha Menon, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Susan J Ramus, Daniel J Weisenberger, Hui Shen, Mihaela Campan, Houtan Noushmehr, Christopher G Bell, A Peter Maxwell,[...]. Genome Res 2010
Andrew E Teschendorff, Usha Menon, Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj, Susan J Ramus, Daniel J Weisenberger, Hui Shen, Mihaela Campan, Houtan Noushmehr, Christopher G Bell, A Peter Maxwell,[...]. Genome Res 2010
10
Using DNA Methylation Profiling to Evaluate Biological Age and Longevity Interventions.
Daniel A Petkovich, Dmitriy I Podolskiy, Alexei V Lobanov, Sang-Goo Lee, Richard A Miller, Vadim N Gladyshev. Cell Metab 2017
Daniel A Petkovich, Dmitriy I Podolskiy, Alexei V Lobanov, Sang-Goo Lee, Richard A Miller, Vadim N Gladyshev. Cell Metab 2017
10
Epigenetic aging signatures in mice livers are slowed by dwarfism, calorie restriction and rapamycin treatment.
Tina Wang, Brian Tsui, Jason F Kreisberg, Neil A Robertson, Andrew M Gross, Michael Ku Yu, Hannah Carter, Holly M Brown-Borg, Peter D Adams, Trey Ideker. Genome Biol 2017
Tina Wang, Brian Tsui, Jason F Kreisberg, Neil A Robertson, Andrew M Gross, Michael Ku Yu, Hannah Carter, Holly M Brown-Borg, Peter D Adams, Trey Ideker. Genome Biol 2017
10
An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease.
Steve Horvath, Michael Gurven, Morgan E Levine, Benjamin C Trumble, Hillard Kaplan, Hooman Allayee, Beate R Ritz, Brian Chen, Ake T Lu, Tammy M Rickabaugh,[...]. Genome Biol 2016
Steve Horvath, Michael Gurven, Morgan E Levine, Benjamin C Trumble, Hillard Kaplan, Hooman Allayee, Beate R Ritz, Brian Chen, Ake T Lu, Tammy M Rickabaugh,[...]. Genome Biol 2016
10
HIV-1 Infection Accelerates Age According to the Epigenetic Clock.
Steve Horvath, Andrew J Levine. J Infect Dis 2015
Steve Horvath, Andrew J Levine. J Infect Dis 2015
9
Epigenetic predictor of age.
Sven Bocklandt, Wen Lin, Mary E Sehl, Francisco J Sánchez, Janet S Sinsheimer, Steve Horvath, Eric Vilain. PLoS One 2011
Sven Bocklandt, Wen Lin, Mary E Sehl, Francisco J Sánchez, Janet S Sinsheimer, Steve Horvath, Eric Vilain. PLoS One 2011
9
Frailty is associated with the epigenetic clock but not with telomere length in a German cohort.
Lutz Philipp Breitling, Kai-Uwe Saum, Laura Perna, Ben Schöttker, Bernd Holleczek, Hermann Brenner. Clin Epigenetics 2016
Lutz Philipp Breitling, Kai-Uwe Saum, Laura Perna, Ben Schöttker, Bernd Holleczek, Hermann Brenner. Clin Epigenetics 2016
9
Aging of blood can be tracked by DNA methylation changes at just three CpG sites.
Carola Ingrid Weidner, Qiong Lin, Carmen Maike Koch, Lewin Eisele, Fabian Beier, Patrick Ziegler, Dirk Olaf Bauerschlag, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Raimund Erbel, Thomas Walter Mühleisen,[...]. Genome Biol 2014
Carola Ingrid Weidner, Qiong Lin, Carmen Maike Koch, Lewin Eisele, Fabian Beier, Patrick Ziegler, Dirk Olaf Bauerschlag, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Raimund Erbel, Thomas Walter Mühleisen,[...]. Genome Biol 2014
9
DNA Methylation Clocks in Aging: Categories, Causes, and Consequences.
Adam E Field, Neil A Robertson, Tina Wang, Aaron Havas, Trey Ideker, Peter D Adams. Mol Cell 2018
Adam E Field, Neil A Robertson, Tina Wang, Aaron Havas, Trey Ideker, Peter D Adams. Mol Cell 2018
9
Minfi: a flexible and comprehensive Bioconductor package for the analysis of Infinium DNA methylation microarrays.
Martin J Aryee, Andrew E Jaffe, Hector Corrada-Bravo, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Andrew P Feinberg, Kasper D Hansen, Rafael A Irizarry. Bioinformatics 2014
Martin J Aryee, Andrew E Jaffe, Hector Corrada-Bravo, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Andrew P Feinberg, Kasper D Hansen, Rafael A Irizarry. Bioinformatics 2014
8
The epigenetic clock as a predictor of disease and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Peter D Fransquet, Jo Wrigglesworth, Robyn L Woods, Michael E Ernst, Joanne Ryan. Clin Epigenetics 2019
Peter D Fransquet, Jo Wrigglesworth, Robyn L Woods, Michael E Ernst, Joanne Ryan. Clin Epigenetics 2019
9
Epigenetic clock analysis of diet, exercise, education, and lifestyle factors.
Austin Quach, Morgan E Levine, Toshiko Tanaka, Ake T Lu, Brian H Chen, Luigi Ferrucci, Beate Ritz, Stefania Bandinelli, Marian L Neuhouser, Jeannette M Beasley,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2017
Austin Quach, Morgan E Levine, Toshiko Tanaka, Ake T Lu, Brian H Chen, Luigi Ferrucci, Beate Ritz, Stefania Bandinelli, Marian L Neuhouser, Jeannette M Beasley,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2017
8
Obesity accelerates epigenetic aging of human liver.
Steve Horvath, Wiebke Erhart, Mario Brosch, Ole Ammerpohl, Witigo von Schönfels, Markus Ahrens, Nils Heits, Jordana T Bell, Pei-Chien Tsai, Tim D Spector,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014
Steve Horvath, Wiebke Erhart, Mario Brosch, Ole Ammerpohl, Witigo von Schönfels, Markus Ahrens, Nils Heits, Jordana T Bell, Pei-Chien Tsai, Tim D Spector,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014
8
Multi-tissue DNA methylation age predictor in mouse.
Thomas M Stubbs, Marc Jan Bonder, Anne-Katrien Stark, Felix Krueger, Ferdinand von Meyenn, Oliver Stegle, Wolf Reik. Genome Biol 2017
Thomas M Stubbs, Marc Jan Bonder, Anne-Katrien Stark, Felix Krueger, Ferdinand von Meyenn, Oliver Stegle, Wolf Reik. Genome Biol 2017
8
DNA methylation arrays as surrogate measures of cell mixture distribution.
Eugene Andres Houseman, William P Accomando, Devin C Koestler, Brock C Christensen, Carmen J Marsit, Heather H Nelson, John K Wiencke, Karl T Kelsey. BMC Bioinformatics 2012
Eugene Andres Houseman, William P Accomando, Devin C Koestler, Brock C Christensen, Carmen J Marsit, Heather H Nelson, John K Wiencke, Karl T Kelsey. BMC Bioinformatics 2012
8
Lifetime stress accelerates epigenetic aging in an urban, African American cohort: relevance of glucocorticoid signaling.
Anthony S Zannas, Janine Arloth, Tania Carrillo-Roa, Stella Iurato, Simone Röh, Kerry J Ressler, Charles B Nemeroff, Alicia K Smith, Bekh Bradley, Christine Heim,[...]. Genome Biol 2015
Anthony S Zannas, Janine Arloth, Tania Carrillo-Roa, Stella Iurato, Simone Röh, Kerry J Ressler, Charles B Nemeroff, Alicia K Smith, Bekh Bradley, Christine Heim,[...]. Genome Biol 2015
7
Quantification of biological aging in young adults.
Daniel W Belsky, Avshalom Caspi, Renate Houts, Harvey J Cohen, David L Corcoran, Andrea Danese, HonaLee Harrington, Salomon Israel, Morgan E Levine, Jonathan D Schaefer,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015
Daniel W Belsky, Avshalom Caspi, Renate Houts, Harvey J Cohen, David L Corcoran, Andrea Danese, HonaLee Harrington, Salomon Israel, Morgan E Levine, Jonathan D Schaefer,[...]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015
7
DNA methylation age is associated with mortality in a longitudinal Danish twin study.
Lene Christiansen, Adam Lenart, Qihua Tan, James W Vaupel, Abraham Aviv, Matt McGue, Kaare Christensen. Aging Cell 2016
Lene Christiansen, Adam Lenart, Qihua Tan, James W Vaupel, Abraham Aviv, Matt McGue, Kaare Christensen. Aging Cell 2016
7
Epigenetic age of the pre-frontal cortex is associated with neuritic plaques, amyloid load, and Alzheimer's disease related cognitive functioning.
Morgan E Levine, Ake T Lu, David A Bennett, Steve Horvath. Aging (Albany NY) 2015
Morgan E Levine, Ake T Lu, David A Bennett, Steve Horvath. Aging (Albany NY) 2015
7
GREAT improves functional interpretation of cis-regulatory regions.
Cory Y McLean, Dave Bristor, Michael Hiller, Shoa L Clarke, Bruce T Schaar, Craig B Lowe, Aaron M Wenger, Gill Bejerano. Nat Biotechnol 2010
Cory Y McLean, Dave Bristor, Michael Hiller, Shoa L Clarke, Bruce T Schaar, Craig B Lowe, Aaron M Wenger, Gill Bejerano. Nat Biotechnol 2010
7
Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent.
Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, Rob Tibshirani. J Stat Softw 2010
Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie, Rob Tibshirani. J Stat Softw 2010
7
Increased epigenetic age and granulocyte counts in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients.
Steve Horvath, Beate R Ritz. Aging (Albany NY) 2015
Steve Horvath, Beate R Ritz. Aging (Albany NY) 2015
7
DNA methylation and healthy human aging.
Meaghan J Jones, Sarah J Goodman, Michael S Kobor. Aging Cell 2015
Meaghan J Jones, Sarah J Goodman, Michael S Kobor. Aging Cell 2015
7
Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision.
Yuancheng Lu, Benedikt Brommer, Xiao Tian, Anitha Krishnan, Margarita Meer, Chen Wang, Daniel L Vera, Qiurui Zeng, Doudou Yu, Michael S Bonkowski,[...]. Nature 2020
Yuancheng Lu, Benedikt Brommer, Xiao Tian, Anitha Krishnan, Margarita Meer, Chen Wang, Daniel L Vera, Qiurui Zeng, Doudou Yu, Michael S Bonkowski,[...]. Nature 2020
7
Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm.
Daniel W Belsky, Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, Andrea Baccarelli, David L Corcoran, Xu Gao, Eiliss Hannon, Hona Lee Harrington, Line Jh Rasmussen, Renate Houts,[...]. Elife 2020
Daniel W Belsky, Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, Andrea Baccarelli, David L Corcoran, Xu Gao, Eiliss Hannon, Hona Lee Harrington, Line Jh Rasmussen, Renate Houts,[...]. Elife 2020
12
Socioeconomic position, lifestyle habits and biomarkers of epigenetic aging: a multi-cohort analysis.
Giovanni Fiorito, Cathal McCrory, Oliver Robinson, Cristian Carmeli, Carolina Ochoa-Rosales, Yan Zhang, Elena Colicino, Pierre-Antoine Dugué, Fanny Artaud, Gareth J McKay,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2019
Giovanni Fiorito, Cathal McCrory, Oliver Robinson, Cristian Carmeli, Carolina Ochoa-Rosales, Yan Zhang, Elena Colicino, Pierre-Antoine Dugué, Fanny Artaud, Gareth J McKay,[...]. Aging (Albany NY) 2019
10
Epigenetic Aging in Major Depressive Disorder.
Laura K M Han, Moji Aghajani, Shaunna L Clark, Robin F Chan, Mohammad W Hattab, Andrey A Shabalin, Min Zhao, Gaurav Kumar, Lin Ying Xie, Rick Jansen,[...]. Am J Psychiatry 2018
Laura K M Han, Moji Aghajani, Shaunna L Clark, Robin F Chan, Mohammad W Hattab, Andrey A Shabalin, Min Zhao, Gaurav Kumar, Lin Ying Xie, Rick Jansen,[...]. Am J Psychiatry 2018
6
Underlying features of epigenetic aging clocks in vivo and in vitro.
Zuyun Liu, Diana Leung, Kyra Thrush, Wei Zhao, Scott Ratliff, Toshiko Tanaka, Lauren L Schmitz, Jennifer A Smith, Luigi Ferrucci, Morgan E Levine. Aging Cell 2020
Zuyun Liu, Diana Leung, Kyra Thrush, Wei Zhao, Scott Ratliff, Toshiko Tanaka, Lauren L Schmitz, Jennifer A Smith, Luigi Ferrucci, Morgan E Levine. Aging Cell 2020
17
Prospective Study of Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in the ARIC Study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities).
Nicholas S Roetker, James S Pankow, Jan Bressler, Alanna C Morrison, Eric Boerwinkle. Circ Genom Precis Med 2018
Nicholas S Roetker, James S Pankow, Jan Bressler, Alanna C Morrison, Eric Boerwinkle. Circ Genom Precis Med 2018
13
Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease.
Brian K Kennedy, Shelley L Berger, Anne Brunet, Judith Campisi, Ana Maria Cuervo, Elissa S Epel, Claudio Franceschi, Gordon J Lithgow, Richard I Morimoto, Jeffrey E Pessin,[...]. Cell 2014
Brian K Kennedy, Shelley L Berger, Anne Brunet, Judith Campisi, Ana Maria Cuervo, Elissa S Epel, Claudio Franceschi, Gordon J Lithgow, Richard I Morimoto, Jeffrey E Pessin,[...]. Cell 2014
6
Eleven Telomere, Epigenetic Clock, and Biomarker-Composite Quantifications of Biological Aging: Do They Measure the Same Thing?
Daniel W Belsky, Terrie E Moffitt, Alan A Cohen, David L Corcoran, Morgan E Levine, Joseph A Prinz, Jonathan Schaefer, Karen Sugden, Benjamin Williams, Richie Poulton,[...]. Am J Epidemiol 2018
Daniel W Belsky, Terrie E Moffitt, Alan A Cohen, David L Corcoran, Morgan E Levine, Joseph A Prinz, Jonathan Schaefer, Karen Sugden, Benjamin Williams, Richie Poulton,[...]. Am J Epidemiol 2018
6
SeSAMe: reducing artifactual detection of DNA methylation by Infinium BeadChips in genomic deletions.
Wanding Zhou, Timothy J Triche, Peter W Laird, Hui Shen. Nucleic Acids Res 2018
Wanding Zhou, Timothy J Triche, Peter W Laird, Hui Shen. Nucleic Acids Res 2018
8
WGCNA: an R package for weighted correlation network analysis.
Peter Langfelder, Steve Horvath. BMC Bioinformatics 2008
Peter Langfelder, Steve Horvath. BMC Bioinformatics 2008
6
Human aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs preferentially at bivalent chromatin domains.
Vardhman K Rakyan, Thomas A Down, Siarhei Maslau, Toby Andrew, Tsun-Po Yang, Huriya Beyan, Pamela Whittaker, Owen T McCann, Sarah Finer, Ana M Valdes,[...]. Genome Res 2010
Vardhman K Rakyan, Thomas A Down, Siarhei Maslau, Toby Andrew, Tsun-Po Yang, Huriya Beyan, Pamela Whittaker, Owen T McCann, Sarah Finer, Ana M Valdes,[...]. Genome Res 2010
6
Reversal of epigenetic aging and immunosenescent trends in humans.
Gregory M Fahy, Robert T Brooke, James P Watson, Zinaida Good, Shreyas S Vasanawala, Holden Maecker, Michael D Leipold, David T S Lin, Michael S Kobor, Steve Horvath. Aging Cell 2019
Gregory M Fahy, Robert T Brooke, James P Watson, Zinaida Good, Shreyas S Vasanawala, Holden Maecker, Michael D Leipold, David T S Lin, Michael S Kobor, Steve Horvath. Aging Cell 2019
6
In Vivo Amelioration of Age-Associated Hallmarks by Partial Reprogramming.
Alejandro Ocampo, Pradeep Reddy, Paloma Martinez-Redondo, Aida Platero-Luengo, Fumiyuki Hatanaka, Tomoaki Hishida, Mo Li, David Lam, Masakazu Kurita, Ergin Beyret,[...]. Cell 2016
Alejandro Ocampo, Pradeep Reddy, Paloma Martinez-Redondo, Aida Platero-Luengo, Fumiyuki Hatanaka, Tomoaki Hishida, Mo Li, David Lam, Masakazu Kurita, Ergin Beyret,[...]. Cell 2016
6
Longitudinal trajectories, correlations and mortality associations of nine biological ages across 20-years follow-up.
Xia Li, Alexander Ploner, Yunzhang Wang, Patrik Ke Magnusson, Chandra Reynolds, Deborah Finkel, Nancy L Pedersen, Juulia Jylhävä, Sara Hägg. Elife 2020
Xia Li, Alexander Ploner, Yunzhang Wang, Patrik Ke Magnusson, Chandra Reynolds, Deborah Finkel, Nancy L Pedersen, Juulia Jylhävä, Sara Hägg. Elife 2020
7
Co-cited is the co-citation frequency, indicating how many articles cite the article together with the query article. Similarity is the co-citation as percentage of the times cited of the query article or the article in the search results, whichever is the lowest. These numbers are calculated for the last 100 citations when articles are cited more than 100 times.